Vaccines are one of the greatest medical advancements in history, protecting us from serious diseases and keeping communities healthy. If you’ve ever wondered why vaccines are so important, how they work, and which ones you or your children may need, this guide will break it all down in a simple, easy-to-understand way.

Innova Primary Care wants you and your family to be healthy mind, body, and soul. We believe that vaccinations are important in doing just that. We also know this can be a touchy subject for some, and we welcome all of your questions. Read on for more information on immunity and why we believe vaccinations are a part of living a healthy life.

What is Immunization?

Immunization is the process of protecting the body from infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight off harmful pathogens. This is typically achieved through vaccination, where a weakened or inactive form of a virus or bacteria is introduced into the body. The immune system then creates antibodies, providing long-term protection against the disease without causing illness. Immunization not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of diseases within the community, leading to herd immunity.

Why Are Vaccines Important?

Vaccines help prevent illnesses that used to be widespread and deadly. Thanks to immunizations, diseases like polio and measles, which once caused severe illness and disability, are now rare in many parts of the world. By staying up to date on vaccines, you protect not just yourself, but also those around you—especially babies, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems who may be more vulnerable to infections.
Vaccines also reduce healthcare costs, prevent hospitalizations, and save lives. They work by teaching your immune system how to fight off specific diseases without making you sick in the process. This means if you ever come into contact with that disease, your body already knows how to fight it.

Are Vaccines Safe?

Yes! Vaccines go through extensive testing before they are approved for use. Scientists and medical experts carefully study vaccines to ensure they are safe and effective. Once approved, vaccines continue to be monitored for safety. Side effects, if any, are usually mild, such as a sore arm or mild fever, and they go away quickly.
Serious side effects are extremely rare, but if they do happen, doctors and researchers investigate them thoroughly. The benefits of vaccines far outweigh the risks, as they prevent diseases that can cause severe complications, long-term health issues, or even death.

The Recommended Vaccine Schedule

Staying on schedule with vaccinations is the best way to ensure protection. Below is a general guide based on recommendations from health organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Always check with your doctor for specific recommendations based on your age, health condition, and travel needs.

Infants and Children (Birth – 6 Years)

• Hepatitis B (HepB) – Given at birth, 1–2 months, and 6–18 months
• Rotavirus (RV) – Given at 2 months, 4 months, and sometimes 6 months
• Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) – Given at 2, 4, 6, and 15–18 months, with a booster at 4–6 years
• Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) – Given at 2, 4, and 12–15 months
• Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) – Given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months
• Polio (IPV) – Given at 2, 4, 6–18 months, and 4–6 years
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Given at 12–15 months and 4–6 years
• Varicella (Chickenpox) – Given at 12–15 months and 4–6 years
• Hepatitis A (HepA) – Given at 12–23 months (two doses, six months apart)

Preteens and Teens (7–18 Years)

• Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) – Given at 11–12 years
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – Given at 11–12 years (two or three doses, depending on age)
• Meningococcal (MenACWY) – Given at 11–12 years, with a booster at 16 years
• Flu (Influenza) – Recommended yearly for everyone over 6 months old

Adults (19+ Years)

• Tdap or Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) – Every 10 years
• Flu (Influenza) – Every year
• HPV (if not received as a teen) – Up to age 26
• Shingles (Zoster Recombinant, RZV) – Two doses for adults 50+ years
• Pneumococcal (PCV15 or PCV20) – For adults 65+ or younger with certain conditions
• Hepatitis A and B – Based on risk factors and travel

Older Adults (65+ Years)

• Flu (Influenza) – Every year
• Pneumococcal (PCV15 or PCV20) – If not previously received
• Shingles (Zoster Recombinant, RZV) – Two doses
• Tdap or Td – Every 10 years

Some vaccines may be needed based on medical conditions, job requirements, or travel plans, so always check with your doctor. If you have questions about why you should be administered a vaccine, please ask! At Innova Primary Care we take the patient-centered approach towards healthcare meaning we work with our patients to help them achieve best outcomes. We give you the information and work with you to make the best decisions possible for your health.

What If You Miss a Vaccine?

If you or your child has missed a vaccine, don’t worry—it’s never too late to get back on track. Doctors can provide a “catch-up” schedule to make sure you’re protected. The key is to stay informed and keep up with routine check-ups.

Why You Should Talk to Your Provider About Vaccines

It’s always a good idea to discuss vaccinations with healthcare provider at Innova Primary Care. We can answer any questions you have, address any concerns, and ensure that you and your family receive the vaccines best suited to your individual health needs.

We can also help determine if you need additional vaccines based on factors such as your age, medical conditions, occupation, or upcoming travel plans. For example, certain people may need extra protection against diseases like pneumonia, hepatitis, or meningitis. Additionally, those with chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease may require specific vaccinations to prevent complications.
Regular check-ups provide an opportunity to review your immunization records and receive any needed updates. If you’re unsure whether you’re up to date on your vaccines, we can guide you in creating a personalized vaccination plan.

The Bottom Line: Vaccines Protect Everyone

Vaccines are a safe, effective, and essential part of maintaining good health. By staying up to date on immunizations, you help protect yourself, your family, and your community from serious diseases. If you have questions or concerns, talk to us at Innova Primary Care. We can guide you on the best schedule for you and your loved ones.

Stay healthy, stay informed, and keep up with your vaccines for a safer future!